Quick answer: choose FileGDB when your team works primarily in ArcGIS or the source dataset is delivered as an ESRI geodatabase. Choose GeoPackage for an open, single-file container that travels well across QGIS, GDAL, web tools, and other GIS software. To convert between them, use FileGDB to GeoPackage or GeoPackage to FileGDB.
FileGDB and GeoPackage are both used to store multi-layer geospatial datasets, but they are optimized for different ecosystems. FileGDB is strongly associated with ArcGIS workflows, while GeoPackage is an OGC standard built on SQLite and widely used across open GIS tools.
Quick comparison
| Topic | FileGDB | GeoPackage (GPKG) |
|---|---|---|
| Ecosystem | ESRI / ArcGIS | Open GIS + many platforms |
| Packaging | Often folder-based, shared as zip | Single .gpkg file |
| Multiple layers | Yes | Yes |
| Interoperability | Strong in ESRI workflows | Strong across open workflows |
When FileGDB makes sense
Use FileGDB when:
- Your organization relies on ArcGIS tooling
- You receive official datasets distributed as
.gdbpackages
Convert and preview FileGDB online: /filegdb-to-geojson/
When GeoPackage makes sense
Use GeoPackage when:
- You want a single open container file for exchange and archiving
- You need broader cross-tool portability
Open GeoPackage online: /open-gpkg-online/
Conversions
- FileGDB to GeoPackage: /filegdb-to-gpkg/
- GeoPackage to FileGDB: /gpkg-to-filegdb/
Related reading
- What is FileGDB: /blog/what-is-filegdb/
- What is GeoPackage: /blog/what-is-geopackage/