What is ESRI Shapefile?
ESRI Shapefile is a long-standing vector exchange format that remains common because many desktop GIS tools, data portals, and procurement workflows still expect it.
A shapefile dataset is not one file. It is a set of sidecar files that together hold geometry, spatial indexing, attributes, projection metadata, and optional encoding hints.
Even though newer formats are more capable, shapefile persists as a lowest-common-denominator handoff format across government, utilities, consulting, and vendor ecosystems.