What is File Geodatabase?
File Geodatabase is an Esri geodatabase storage format that organizes datasets as a folder-based database instead of a single portable file.
FileGDB is widely used in ArcGIS environments because it can hold multiple feature classes, tables, and related content inside one geodatabase directory.
That structure is powerful inside Esri workflows, but it is less convenient than single-file formats for email, versioning, web uploads, and cross-platform sharing.